Early sleep state for circuitry associated with synchronization wakeup periods

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, during a first synchronization wakeup period while RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are set to an active state, one or more measurements of one or more SSBs of a first SSBS from a base station. The UE predicts, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, a second SSBS at which to wake up for a second synchronization wakeup period based on the one or more measurements. In response to completion of FW post-processing operations, the UE transitions the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from the active state to a sleep state.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 1. Field of the Disclosure

Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless communications.

2. Description of the Related Art

Wireless communication systems have developed through variousgenerations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service(1G), a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (includinginterim 2.5G and 2.75G networks), a third-generation (3G) high speeddata, Internet-capable wireless service and a fourth-generation (4G)service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). There are presentlymany different types of wireless communication systems in use, includingcellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples ofknown cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phonesystem (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code divisionmultiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), timedivision multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM), etc.

A fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, referred to as New Radio(NR), calls for higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers ofconnections, and better coverage, among other improvements. The 5Gstandard, according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, isdesigned to provide data rates of several tens of megabits per second toeach of tens of thousands of users, with 1 gigabit per second to tens ofworkers on an office floor. Several hundreds of thousands ofsimultaneous connections should be supported in order to support largesensor deployments. Consequently, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobilecommunications should be significantly enhanced compared to the current4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiencies should be enhanced andlatency should be substantially reduced compared to current standards.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or moreaspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not beconsidered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects,nor should the following summary be considered to identify key orcritical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineatethe scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, thefollowing summary has the sole purpose to present certain conceptsrelating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosedherein in a simplified form to precede the detailed descriptionpresented below.

In an aspect, a method of operating a user equipment (UE) includesperforming, during a first synchronization wakeup period while radiofrequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are set to anactive state, one or more measurements of one or more synchronizationsignal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signal burst set (SSBS)from a base station; predicting, during the first synchronization wakeupperiod while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the activestate, a second SSBS at which to wake up for a second synchronizationwakeup period based on the one or more measurements; performing, duringthe first synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and theFW circuitry are in the active state, one or more FW post-processingoperations based on the one or more measurements; transitioning the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry from the active state to a sleep state inresponse to completion of the one or more FW post-processing operations;and determining, during the first synchronization wakeup period whilethe RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeuptime associated with the second SSBS for the second synchronizationwakeup period.

In some aspects, the method includes performing, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, one or more software (SW)post-processing operations based on the one or more measurements.

In some aspects, the method includes performing, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state and prior to the one or moremeasurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, one or moresoftware (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, the second SSBS corresponds to a next available SSBSopportunity from the base station subsequent to the first SSBS.

In some aspects, one or more SSBS opportunities from the base stationare available between the first SSBS and the second SSBS.

In some aspects, the one or more measurements comprise one or moresignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.

In some aspects, the method includes determining a relationship betweenthe one or more measurements and one or more performance thresholds,wherein the prediction of the second SSBS is selectively performed basedupon the relationship.

In some aspects, the one or more performance thresholds are based on anoperational mode of the UE.

In some aspects, the prediction of the second SSBS is selectivelyperformed based a mobility parameter associated with the UE.

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: perform, during a first synchronization wakeup periodwhile radio frequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are setto an active state, one or more measurements of one or moresynchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signalburst set (SSBS) from a base station; predict, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state, a second SSBS at which to wake up fora second synchronization wakeup period based on the one or moremeasurements; perform, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, oneor more FW post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements; transition the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from theactive state to a sleep state in response to completion of the one ormore FW post-processing operations; and determine, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeup time associated with thesecond SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period.

In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to:perform, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state, one or moresoftware (SW) post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements.

In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to:perform, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state and prior to theone or more measurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, oneor more software (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combinationthereof.

In some aspects, the second SSBS corresponds to a next available SSBSopportunity from the base station subsequent to the first SSBS.

In some aspects, one or more SSBS opportunities from the base stationare available between the first SSBS and the second SSBS.

In some aspects, the one or more measurements comprise one or moresignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.

In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to:determine a relationship between the one or more measurements and one ormore performance thresholds, wherein the prediction of the second SSBSis selectively performed based upon the relationship.

In some aspects, the one or more performance thresholds are based on anoperational mode of the UE.

In some aspects, the prediction of the second SSBS is selectivelyperformed based a mobility parameter associated with the UE.

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for performing,during a first synchronization wakeup period while radio frequency (RF)circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are set to an active state, one ormore measurements of one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) ofa first synchronization signal burst set (SSBS) from a base station;means for predicting, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, asecond SSBS at which to wake up for a second synchronization wakeupperiod based on the one or more measurements; means for performing,during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitryand the FW circuitry are in the active state, one or more FWpost-processing operations based on the one or more measurements; meansfor transitioning the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from the activestate to a sleep state in response to completion of the one or more FWpost-processing operations; and means for determining, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeup time associated with thesecond SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period.

In some aspects, the method includes means for performing, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, one or more software (SW)post-processing operations based on the one or more measurements.

In some aspects, the method includes means for performing, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state and prior to the one or moremeasurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, one or moresoftware (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, the second SSBS corresponds to a next available SSBSopportunity from the base station subsequent to the first SSBS.

In some aspects, one or more SSBS opportunities from the base stationare available between the first SSBS and the second SSBS.

In some aspects, the one or more measurements comprise one or moresignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.

In some aspects, the method includes means for determining arelationship between the one or more measurements and one or moreperformance thresholds, wherein the prediction of the second SSBS isselectively performed based upon the relationship.

In some aspects, the one or more performance thresholds are based on anoperational mode of the UE.

In some aspects, the prediction of the second SSBS is selectivelyperformed based a mobility parameter associated with the UE.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment(UE), cause the UE to: perform, during a first synchronization wakeupperiod while radio frequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitryare set to an active state, one or more measurements of one or moresynchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signalburst set (SSBS) from a base station; predict, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state, a second SSBS at which to wake up fora second synchronization wakeup period based on the one or moremeasurements; perform, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, oneor more FW post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements; transition the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from theactive state to a sleep state in response to completion of the one ormore FW post-processing operations; and determine, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeup time associated with thesecond SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions further cause the UE to:perform, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state, one or moresoftware (SW) post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions further cause the UE to:perform, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state and prior to theone or more measurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, oneor more software (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combinationthereof.

In some aspects, the second SSBS corresponds to a next available SSBSopportunity from the base station subsequent to the first SSBS.

In some aspects, one or more SSBS opportunities from the base stationare available between the first SSBS and the second SSBS.

In some aspects, the one or more measurements comprise one or moresignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.

In some aspects, the one or more instructions further cause the UE to:determine a relationship between the one or more measurements and one ormore performance thresholds, wherein the prediction of the second SSBSis selectively performed based upon the relationship.

In some aspects, the one or more performance thresholds are based on anoperational mode of the UE.

In some aspects, the prediction of the second SSBS is selectivelyperformed based a mobility parameter associated with the UE.

Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosedherein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on theaccompanying drawings and detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description ofvarious aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely forillustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, accordingto aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless network structures,according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sampleaspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), abase station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured tosupport communications as taught herein.

FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate example discontinuous reception (DRX)configurations, according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a synchronization wakeup period sequence inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary process of communications according toan aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a synchronization wakeup period sequence inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example implementation of the process of FIG. 6 inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description andrelated drawings directed to various examples provided for illustrationpurposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from thescope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of thedisclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as notto obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

The words “exemplary” and/or “example” are used herein to mean “servingas an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described hereinas “exemplary” and/or “example” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term“aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of thedisclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode ofoperation.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the information andsignals described below may be represented using any of a variety ofdifferent technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions,commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may bereferenced throughout the description below may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending inpart on the particular application, in part on the desired design, inpart on the corresponding technology, etc.

Further, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions tobe performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will berecognized that various actions described herein can be performed byspecific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits(ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or moreprocessors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s)of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirelywithin any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumhaving stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that,upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of adevice to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the variousaspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a number of differentforms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of theclaimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the aspects describedherein, the corresponding form of any such aspects may be describedherein as, for example, “logic configured to” perform the describedaction.

As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “base station” arenot intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radioaccess technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may beany wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tabletcomputer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable(e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.),Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicateover a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g.,at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio accessnetwork (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred tointerchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a“wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a“subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a“mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof. Generally,UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the corenetwork the UEs can be connected with external networks such as theInternet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connectingto the core network and/or the Internet are also possible for the UEs,such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN)networks (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 specification, etc.) and so on.

A base station may operate according to one of several RATs incommunication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed,and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a networknode, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), aNew Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A basestation may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs,including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for thesupported UEs. In some systems a base station may provide purely edgenode signaling functions while in other systems it may provideadditional control and/or network management functions. A communicationlink through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called anuplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse controlchannel, an access channel, etc.). A communication link through whichthe base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) orforward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, abroadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein theterm traffic channel (TCH) can refer to either an uplink/reverse ordownlink/forward traffic channel.

The term “base station” may refer to a single physicaltransmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that mayor may not be co-located. For example, where the term “base station”refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna ofthe base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) ofthe base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multipleco-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas(e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where thebase station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term“base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, thephysical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network ofspatially separated antennas connected to a common source via atransport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base stationconnected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-locatedphysical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurementreport from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radiofrequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is the pointfrom which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, asused herein, references to transmission from or reception at a basestation are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of thebase station.

In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a base stationmay not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data,voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmitreference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receiveand measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may bereferred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals toUEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving andmeasuring signals from UEs).

An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequencythat transports information through the space between a transmitter anda receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RFsignal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receivermay receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RFsignal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals throughmultipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different pathsbetween the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath”RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a“wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from thecontext that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RFsignal.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100,according to aspects of the disclosure. The wireless communicationssystem 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide areanetwork (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS”) andvarious UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macro cell basestations (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell basestations (low power cellular base stations). In an aspect, the macrocell base stations may include eNBs and/or ng-eNBs where the wirelesscommunications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs wherethe wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or acombination of both, and the small cell base stations may includefemtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with acore network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC))through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one ormore location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) ora secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)). Thelocation server(s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may beexternal to core network 170. A location server 172 may be integratedwith a base station 102. A UE 104 may communicate with a location server172 directly or indirectly. For example, a UE 104 may communicate with alocation server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently servingthat UE 104. A UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), viaanother network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) accesspoint (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), and so on. For signalingpurposes, communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 maybe represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection128), with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signalingdiagram for clarity.

In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may performfunctions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radiochannel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, headercompression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dualconnectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setupand release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS)messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimediabroadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RANinformation management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery ofwarning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each otherdirectly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC/5GC) over backhaul links134, which may be wired or wireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cellsmay be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communicationwith a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to asa carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), andmay be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier(PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier(VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) for distinguishing cellsoperating via the same or a different carrier frequency. In some cases,different cells may be configured according to different protocol types(e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT),enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access fordifferent types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific basestation, the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logicalcommunication entity and the base station that supports it, depending onthe context. In addition, because a TRP is typically the physicaltransmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be usedinterchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to ageographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar asa carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication withinsome portion of geographic coverage areas 110.

While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of thegeographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by alarger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell basestation 102′ (labeled “SC” for “small cell”) may have a geographiccoverage area 110′ that substantially overlaps with the geographiccoverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A networkthat includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be knownas a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also includehome eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group knownas a closed subscriber group (CSG).

The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissionsfrom a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referredto as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.The communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, includingspatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. Thecommunication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies.Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink anduplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink thanfor uplink).

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication withWLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensedfrequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensedfrequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may performa clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedureprior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel isavailable.

The small cell base station 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or anunlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequencyspectrum, the small cell base station 102′ may employ LTE or NRtechnology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as usedby the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102′, employing LTE/5Gin an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/orincrease capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum maybe referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred toas LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeterwave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/ornear mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. Extremely highfrequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHFhas a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeterand 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as amillimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with awavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) bandextends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave.Communications using the mmW/near mmW radio frequency band have highpath loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and theUE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) over a mmWcommunication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path lossand short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternativeconfigurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit usingmmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciatedthat the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not beconstrued to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.

Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in aspecific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a basestation) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in alldirections (omni-directionally). With transmit beamforming, the networknode determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located(relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a strongerdownlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing afaster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receivingdevice(s). To change the directionality of the RF signal whentransmitting, a network node can control the phase and relativeamplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters thatare broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network node may use anarray of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antennaarray”) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to pointin different directions, without actually moving the antennas.Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to theindividual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that theradio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase theradiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiationin undesired directions.

Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to thereceiver (e.g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless ofwhether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselvesare physically co-located. In NR, there are four types ofquasi-co-location (QCL) relations. Specifically, a QCL relation of agiven type means that certain parameters about a second reference RFsignal on a second beam can be derived from information about a sourcereference RF signal on a source beam. Thus, if the source reference RFsignal is QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RFsignal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, anddelay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift andDoppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift andaverage delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receiveparameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel.

In receive beamforming, the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RFsignals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver canincrease the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of an array ofantennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase thegain level of) the RF signals received from that direction. Thus, when areceiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beamgain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along otherdirections, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest comparedto the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams availableto the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength(e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal receivedquality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) ofthe RF signals received from that direction.

Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related. A spatial relationmeans that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receivebeam) for a second reference signal can be derived from informationabout a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a firstreference signal. For example, a UE may use a particular receive beam toreceive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., synchronizationsignal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmitbeam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding referencesignal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of thereceive beam.

Note that a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receivebeam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base stationis forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, thedownlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlinkbeam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink referencesignal. Similarly, an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or areceive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a basestation is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and ifa UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.

In 5G, the frequency spectrum in which wireless nodes (e.g., basestations 102/180, UEs 104/182) operate is divided into multiplefrequency ranges, FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). mmWfrequency bands generally include the FR2, FR3, and FR4 frequencyranges. As such, the terms “mmW” and “FR2” or “FR3” or “FR4” maygenerally be used interchangeably.

In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies isreferred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primaryserving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies arereferred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or“SCells.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrieroperating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radioresource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiatesthe RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carriercarries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be acarrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case).A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g.,FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is establishedbetween the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used toprovide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carriermay be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier maycontain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example,those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier,since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typicallyUE-specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in a cell may havedifferent downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplinkprimary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier ofany UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance theload on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell oran SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency/component carrier overwhich some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “servingcell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can beused interchangeably.

For example, still referring to FIG. 1 , one of the frequencies utilizedby the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or“PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers(“SCells”). The simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiplecarriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its datatransmission and/or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregatedcarriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to atwo-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attainedby a single 20 MHz carrier.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 thatmay communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communicationlink 120 and/or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCelland one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 maysupport one or more SCells for the UE 164.

In the example of FIG. 1 , any of the illustrated UEs (shown in FIG. 1as a single UE 104 for simplicity) may receive signals 124 from one ormore Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites). In anaspect, the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that aUE 104 can use as an independent source of location information. Asatellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters(e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) todetermine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part,on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from thetransmitters. Such a transmitter typically transmits a signal markedwith a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips.While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes belocated on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and/orother UEs 104. A UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receiversspecifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo locationinformation from the SVs 112.

In a satellite positioning system, the use of signals 124 can beaugmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) thatmay be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or moreglobal and/or regional navigation satellite systems. For example an SBASmay include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrityinformation, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide AreaAugmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary NavigationOverlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi-functional Satellite AugmentationSystem (MSAS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo AugmentedNavigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), and/orthe like. Thus, as used herein, a satellite positioning system mayinclude any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigationsatellites associated with such one or more satellite positioningsystems.

In an aspect, SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of oneor more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, an SV 112 isconnected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTNgateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to an element in a 5Gnetwork, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrialantenna) or a network node in a 5GC. This element would in turn provideaccess to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entitiesexternal to the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other userdevices. In that way, a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g.,signals 124) from an SV 112 instead of, or in addition to, communicationsignals from a terrestrial base station 102.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or moreUEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or morecommunication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D)peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”). In the example ofFIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connectedto one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 mayindirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 withWLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 mayindirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In an example, theD2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT,such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, and so on.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200. Forexample, a 5GC 210 (also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC))can be viewed functionally as control plane (C-plane) functions 214(e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gatewayselection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212, (e.g., UEgateway function, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.) whichoperate cooperatively to form the core network. User plane interface(NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 tothe 5GC 210 and specifically to the user plane functions 212 and controlplane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, anng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to thecontrol plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212.Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaulconnection 223. In some configurations, a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations includeone or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of theUEs described herein).

Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may bein communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance forUE(s) 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality ofseparate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different softwaremodules on a single server, different software modules spread acrossmultiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond toa single server. The location server 230 can be configured to supportone or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to thelocation server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via theInternet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 may beintegrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may beexternal to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as anoriginal equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).

FIG. 2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 250. A5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewedfunctionally as control plane functions, provided by an access andmobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions,provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperativelyto form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of the AMF 264include registration management, connection management, reachabilitymanagement, mobility management, lawful interception, transport forsession management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., anyof the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF)266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, accessauthentication and access authorization, transport for short messageservice (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message servicefunction (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF).The AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF)(not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that wasestablished as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In thecase of authentication based on a UMTS (universal mobiletelecommunications system) subscriber identity module (USIM), the AMF264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF. The functions of theAMF 264 also include security context management (SCM). The SCM receivesa key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys.The functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location servicesmanagement for regulatory services, transport for location servicesmessages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270(which acts as a location server 230), transport for location servicesmessages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system(EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE204 mobility event notification. In addition, the AMF 264 also supportsfunctionalities for non-3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)access networks.

Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point forintra-/inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an externalprotocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network(not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection,user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, trafficsteering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usagereporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g.,uplink/downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in thedownlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoSflow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink anddownlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notificationtriggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” tothe source RAN node. The UPF 262 may also support transfer of locationservices messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a locationserver, such as an SLP 272.

The functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internetprotocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and controlof user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part ofpolicy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. Theinterface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 isreferred to as the N11 interface.

Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be incommunication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers(e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on asingle server, different software modules spread across multiplephysical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a singleserver. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more locationservices for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the corenetwork, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated). The SLP 272may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a controlplane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signalingmessages and not voice or data), the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs204 and external clients (not shown in FIG. 2B) over a user plane (e.g.,using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data like thetransmission control protocol (TCP) and/or IP).

User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one ormore gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interfacebetween gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred toas the “N2” interface, and the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/orng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface. ThegNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicatedirectly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to asthe “Xn-C” interface. One or more of gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 maycommunicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referredto as the “Uu” interface.

The functionality of a gNB 222 is divided between a gNB central unit(gNB-CU) 226 and one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228. Theinterface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 isreferred to as the “F1” interface. A gNB-CU 226 is a logical node thatincludes the base station functions of transferring user data, mobilitycontrol, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management,and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to thegNB-DU(s) 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 hosts the radioresource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), andpacket data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. AgNB-DU 228 is a logical node that hosts the radio link control (RLC),medium access control (MAC), and physical (PHY) layers of the gNB 222.Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 cansupport one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU228. Thus, a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP,and PDCP layers and with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (representedby corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (whichmay correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304(which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), anda network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of thenetwork functions described herein, including the location server 230and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220and/or 5GC 210/260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as aprivate network) to support the file transmission operations as taughtherein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implementedin different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., inan ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated componentsmay also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communicationsystem. For example, other apparatuses in a system may includecomponents similar to those described to provide similar functionality.Also, a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components. Forexample, an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components thatenable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicatevia different technologies.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wirelesswide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively,providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, meansfor receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means forrefraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wirelesscommunication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTEnetwork, a GSM network, and/or the like. The WWAN transceivers 310 and350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356,respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as otherUEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at leastone designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wirelesscommunication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time/frequencyresources in a particular frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceivers 310and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encodingsignals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and soon), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and soon), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically,the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively,for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in somecases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360,respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may beconnected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and providemeans for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means forreceiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refrainingfrom transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs,access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT(e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PCS, dedicatedshort-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicularenvironments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), etc.) over awireless communication medium of interest. The short-range wirelesstransceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmittingand encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications,information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receivingand decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications,information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with thedesignated RAT. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, fortransmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one ormore receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decodingsignals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-rangewireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth®transceivers, Zigbee® and/or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, orvehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)transceivers.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in somecases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signalreceivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and/or measuringsatellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellitepositioning system receivers, the satellite positioning/communicationsignals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals,global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals,Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC),Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. Where the satellite signalreceivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, thesatellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may becommunication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data)originating from a 5G network. The satellite signal receivers 330 and370 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving andprocessing satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378,respectively. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may requestinformation and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and,at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations ofthe UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurementsobtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.

The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or morenetwork transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means forcommunicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.)with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, othernetwork entities 306). For example, the base station 304 may employ theone or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other basestations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wirelessbackhaul links. As another example, the network entity 306 may employthe one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or morebase station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, orwith other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless corenetwork interfaces.

A transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wirelesslink. A transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wirelesstransceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314,324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352,362). A transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodyingtransmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in someimplementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry andseparate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodiedin other ways in other implementations. The transmitter circuitry andreceiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceivers380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wirednetwork interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g.,transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to aplurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as anantenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, basestation 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein.Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352,362) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g.,antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits therespective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receivebeamforming, as described herein. In an aspect, the transmittercircuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality ofantennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respectiveapparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at thesame time. A wireless transceiver (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350,short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include anetwork listen module (NLM) or the like for performing variousmeasurements.

As used herein, the various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in someimplementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380and 390 in some implementations) may generally be characterized as “atransceiver,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers.”As such, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wirelesstransceiver may be inferred from the type of communication performed.For example, backhaul communication between network devices or serverswill generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver, whereaswireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station(e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via awireless transceiver.

The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 alsoinclude other components that may be used in conjunction with theoperations as disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base station 304, andthe network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394,respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example,wireless communication, and for providing other processingfunctionality. The processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore providemeans for processing, such as means for determining, means forcalculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means forindicating, etc. In an aspect, the processors 332, 384, and 394 mayinclude, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-coreprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), otherprogrammable logic devices or processing circuitry, or variouscombinations thereof.

The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 includememory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., eachincluding a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information(e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds,parameters, and so on). The memories 340, 386, and 396 may thereforeprovide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining,etc. In some cases, the UE 302, the base station 304, and the networkentity 306 may include DRX component 342, 388, and 398, respectively.The DRX component 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that arepart of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively,that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and thenetwork entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Inother aspects, the DRX component 342, 388, and 398 may be external tothe processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processingsystem, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively,the DRX component 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in thememories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by theprocessors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, anotherprocessing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, andthe network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the DRX component 342, whichmay be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, thememory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof,or may be a standalone component. FIG. 3B illustrates possible locationsof the DRX component 388, which may be, for example, part of the one ormore WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. FIG.3C illustrates possible locations of the DRX component 398, which maybe, for example, part of the one or more network transceivers 390, thememory 396, the one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof,or may be a standalone component.

The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one ormore processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movementand/or orientation information that is independent of motion dataderived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310,the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and/or thesatellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the sensor(s) 344 mayinclude an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems(MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), analtimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and/or any other typeof movement detection sensor. Moreover, the sensor(s) 344 may include aplurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs inorder to provide motion information. For example, the sensor(s) 344 mayuse a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensorsto provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D)and/or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

In addition, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing meansfor providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to auser and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of asensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 mayalso include user interfaces.

Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in thedownlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to theprocessor 384. The one or more processors 384 may implementfunctionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol(PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium accesscontrol (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 may provide RRClayer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information(e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks(SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRCconnection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRCconnection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configurationfor UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated withheader compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering,integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover supportfunctions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upperlayer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ),concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units(SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC dataPDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping betweenlogical channels and transport channels, scheduling informationreporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channelprioritization.

The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1)functionality associated with various signal processing functions.Layer-1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include errordetection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC)coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching,mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physicalchannels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handlesmapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes(e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with areference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, andthen combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) toproduce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatialstreams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used todetermine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatialprocessing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signaland/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302. Eachspatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respectivespatial stream for transmission.

At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respectiveantenna(s) 316. The receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Thereceiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information torecover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatialstreams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by thereceiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The receiver 312 thenconverts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequencydomain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signalcomprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDMsignal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, arerecovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signalconstellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These softdecisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channelestimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved torecover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted bythe base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and controlsignals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, whichimplements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.

In the uplink, the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexingbetween transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering,header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IPpackets from the core network. The one or more processors 332 are alsoresponsible for error detection.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlinktransmission by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information(e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with headercompression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering,integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionalityassociated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correctionthrough ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs,re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; andMAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channelsand transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks(TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request(HARD), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used bythe transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulationschemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streamsgenerated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s)316. The transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respectivespatial stream for transmission.

The uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a mannersimilar to that described in connection with the receiver function atthe UE 302. The receiver 352 receives a signal through its respectiveantenna(s) 356. The receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors384.

In the uplink, the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexingbetween transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering,header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packetsfrom the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may beprovided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are alsoresponsible for error detection.

For convenience, the UE 302, the base station 304, and/or the networkentity 306 are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C as including variouscomponents that may be configured according to the various examplesdescribed herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustratedcomponents may have different functionality in different designs. Inparticular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional inalternative configurations and the various aspects includeconfigurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of thedevice, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG. 3A, aparticular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310(e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may haveWi-Fi and/or Bluetooth capability without cellular capability), or mayomit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only,etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit thesensor(s) 344, and so on. In another example, in case of FIG. 3B, aparticular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWANtransceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point withoutcellular capability), or may omit the short-range wirelesstransceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit thesatellite receiver 370, and so on. For brevity, illustration of thevarious alternative configurations is not provided herein, but would bereadily understandable to one skilled in the art.

The various components of the UE 302, the base station 304, and thenetwork entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to each other overdata buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. In an aspect, the data buses334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface ofthe UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306,respectively. For example, where different logical entities are embodiedin the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionalityincorporated into the same base station 304), the data buses 334, 382,and 392 may provide communication between them.

The components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in variousways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3Cmay be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one ormore processors and/or one or more ASICs (which may include one or moreprocessors). Here, each circuit may use and/or incorporate at least onememory component for storing information or executable code used by thecircuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of thefunctionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented byprocessor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution ofappropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processorcomponents). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented byblocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memorycomponent(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriatecode and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Also,some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may beimplemented by processor and memory component(s) of the network entity306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriateconfiguration of processor components). For simplicity, variousoperations, acts, and/or functions are described herein as beingperformed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc.However, as will be appreciated, such operations, acts, and/or functionsmay actually be performed by specific components or combinations ofcomponents of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc.,such as the processors 332, 384, 394, the transceivers 310, 320, 350,and 360, the memories 340, 386, and 396, the DRX component 342, 388, and398, etc.

In some designs, the network entity 306 may be implemented as a corenetwork component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may bedistinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular networkinfrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260). For example, thenetwork entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may beconfigured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 orindependently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellularcommunication link, such as WiFi).

Even when there is no traffic being transmitted from the network to aUE, the UE is expected to monitor every downlink subframe on thephysical downlink control channel (PDCCH). This means that the UE has tobe “on,” or active, all the time, even when there is no traffic, sincethe UE does not know exactly when the network will transmit data for it.However, being active all the time is a significant power drain for aUE.

To address this issue, a UE may implement discontinuous reception (DRX)and/or connected-mode discontinuous reception (CDRX) techniques. DRX andCDRX are mechanisms in which a UE goes into a “sleep” mode for ascheduled periods of time and “wakes up” for other periods of time.During the wake, or active, periods, the UE checks to see if there isany data coming from the network, and if there is not, goes back intosleep mode.

To implement DRX and CDRX, the UE and the network need to besynchronized. In a worst-case scenario, the network may attempt to sendsome data to the UE while the UE is in sleep mode, and the UE may wakeup when there is no data to be received. To prevent such scenarios, theUE and the network should have a well-defined agreement about when theUE can be in sleep mode and when the UE should be awake/active. Thisagreement has been standardized in various technical specifications.Note that DRX includes CDRX, and thus, references to DRX refer to bothDRX and CDRX, unless otherwise indicated.

The network (e.g., serving cell) can configure the UE with the DRX/CDRXtiming using an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message (for CDRX) or anRRC Connection Setup message (for DRX). The network can signal thefollowing DRX configuration parameters to the UE. (1) DRX Cycle: Theduration of one ‘ON time’ plus one ‘OFF time.’ This value is notexplicitly specified in RRC messages; rather, it is calculated by thesubframe/slot time and “long DRX cycle start offset.” (2) ON DurationTimer: The duration of ‘ON time’ within one DRX cycle. (3) DRXInactivity Timer: How long a UE should remain ‘ON’ after the receptionof a PDCCH. When this timer is on, the UE remains in the ‘ON state,’which may extend the ON period into the period that would be the ‘OFF’period otherwise. (4) DRX Retransmission Timer: The maximum number ofconsecutive PDCCH subframes/slots a UE should remain active to wait foran incoming retransmission after the first available retransmissiontime. (5) Short DRX Cycle: A DRX cycle that can be implemented withinthe ‘OFF’ period of a long DRX cycle. (6) DRX Short Cycle Timer: Theconsecutive number of subframes/slots that should follow the short DRXcycle after the DRX inactivity timer has expired.

FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate example DRX configurations, according toaspects of the disclosure. FIG. 4A illustrates an example DRXconfiguration 400A in which a long DRX cycle (the time from the start ofone ON duration to the start of the next ON duration) is configured andno PDCCH is received during the cycle. FIG. 4B illustrates an exampleDRX configuration 400B in which a long DRX cycle is configured and aPDCCH is received during an ON duration 410 of the second DRX cycleillustrated. Note that the ON duration 410 ends at time 412. However,the time that the UE is awake/active (the “active time”) is extended totime 414 based on the length of the DRX inactivity timer and the time atwhich the PDCCH is received. Specifically, when the PDCCH is received,the UE starts the DRX inactivity timer and stays in the active stateuntil the expiration of that timer (which is reset each time a PDCCH isreceived during the active time).

FIG. 4C illustrates an example DRX configuration 400C in which a longDRX cycle is configured and a PDCCH and a DRX command MAC controlelement (MAC-CE) are received during an ON duration 420 of the secondDRX cycle illustrated. Note that the active time beginning during ONduration 420 would normally end at time 424 due to the reception of thePDCCH at time 422 and the subsequent expiration of the DRX inactivitytimer at time 424, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 4B.However, in the example of FIG. 4C, the active time is shortened to time426 based on the time at which the DRX command MAC-CE, which instructsthe UE to terminate the DRX inactivity timer and the ON duration timer,is received.

In greater detail, the active time of a DRX cycle is the time duringwhich the UE is considered to be monitoring the PDCCH. The active timemay include the time during which the ON duration timer is running, theDRC inactivity timer is running, the DRX retransmission timer isrunning, the MAC contention resolution timer is running, a schedulingrequest has been sent on the PUCCH and is pending, an uplink grant for apending HARQ retransmission can occur and there is data in thecorresponding HARQ buffer, or a PDCCH indicating a new transmissionaddressed to the cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) of theUE has not been received after successful reception of a random accessresponse (RAR) for the preamble not selected by the UE. And, innon-contention-based random access, after receiving the RAR, the UEshould be in an active state until the PDCCH indicating new transmissionaddressed to the C-RNTI of the UE is received.

In 5G-NR it is important for UE to improve power consumption as much aspossible, without sacrificing performance. In some designs, when thenetwork configures CDRX, UE usually goes to long duration sleep (e.g.,18 ms DRX cycles for deep sleep) to save power during CDRX OFF duration.In order keep a good decoding rate of DL/UL channel at CDRX ON andmaintain UE mobility, UE may occasionally wake up to do search,measurement, and loop in CDRX, which may be referred to as asynchronization wakeup period. Based on the sleep duration, UE canchoose to enter light sleep state or deep sleep state.

FIG. 5 illustrates a synchronization wakeup period sequence 500 inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure. As noted above,synchronization wakeup periods may be implemented to maintain a suitablelevel of synchronization during a sleep state (or DRX OFF period).

Referring to FIG. 5 , a first synchronization wakeup period is depictedat 510. At 512, the UE wakes up RF circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry(e.g., which may be part of transceiver circuitry, such as 310 or 320 ofFIG. 3A) and (if necessary) an application processor and performs FWpre-processing and software (SW) pre-processing. The FW and SWpre-processing at 512 may be characterized as a first stage of athree-stage processing sequence for the first synchronization wakeupperiod 510. At 514, the UE performs measurements of synchronizationsignal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signal burst set (SSBS)from a base station (e.g., SNR measurements, etc.), or sample streaming.At 516, the UE performs FW post-processing on the SSB samples ormeasurements. 514-516 may be characterized as a second stage of thethree-stage processing sequence for the first synchronization wakeupperiod 510. The second stage involves active use of the RF circuitry andthe FW circuitry as noted above. At 518, the UE performs SWpost-processing. At 520, the UE determines a next SSBS for a nextsynchronization wakeup period, and an associated wakeup time. Forexample, the measurement(s) from 514 may be used in part to select thenext synchronization wakeup period. 518-520 may be characterized as athird stage of the three-stage processing sequence for the firstsynchronization wakeup period 510.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a second synchronization wakeup period is depictedat 530. At 532, the UE wakes up RF circuitry and the FW circuitry (e.g.,which may be part of transceiver circuitry, such as 310 or 320 of FIG.3A) and (if necessary) an application processor and performs FWpre-processing and SW pre-processing. For example, the wakeup time at532 may correspond to the determined wakeup time from 520. The FW and SWpre-processing at 532 may be characterized as a first stage of athree-stage processing sequence for the second synchronization wakeupperiod 530. At 534, the UE performs measurements of SSBs of a secondSSBS from the base station (e.g., SNR measurements, etc.), or samplestreaming. At 536, the UE performs FW post-processing on the SSB samplesor measurements. 534-536 may be characterized as a second stage of thethree-stage processing sequence for the second synchronization wakeupperiod 530. The second stage involves active use of the RF circuitry andthe FW circuitry as noted above. At 538, the UE performs SWpost-processing. At 540, the UE determines a next SSBS for a nextsynchronization wakeup period, and an associated wakeup time. Forexample, the measurement(s) from 534 may be used in part to select thenext synchronization wakeup period. 538-540 may be characterized as athird stage of the three-stage processing sequence for the secondsynchronization wakeup period 530.

In some designs, the FW circuitry and the RF circuitry may remain activeduring the third stage of the three-stage processing sequence of thesynchronization wakeup period depicted in FIG. 5 , and may only returnto a sleep state the three-stage processing sequence is completed (i.e.,after the determination at 520 or 540). The third stage of thethree-stage processing sequence may take a significant amount of time(e.g., 1-5 ms). Aspects of the disclosure are thereby directed to anearly sleep state for RF circuitry and the FW circuitry during asynchronization wakeup period. In some aspects, the RF circuitry and theFW circuitry may enter the sleep state after completion of the secondstage of the three-stage processing sequence rather than the third stageas in FIG. 5 . Such aspects may provide various technical advantages,such as reduced power consumption at the UE.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary process 600 of communications accordingto an aspect of the disclosure. The process 600 of FIG. 6 is performedby a UE, such as UE 302.

Referring to FIG. 6 , at 610, UE 302 (e.g., processor(s) 332, DRXcomponent 342, receiver 312 or 322, etc.) performs, during a firstsynchronization wakeup period while RF circuitry and the FW circuitryare set to an active state, one or more measurements (e.g., SNR, etc.)of one or more SSBs of a first SSBS from a base station.

Referring to FIG. 6 , at 620, UE 302 (e.g., processor(s) 332, DRXcomponent 342, etc.) predicts, during the first synchronization wakeupperiod while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the activestate, a second SSBS at which to wake up for a second synchronizationwakeup period based on the one or more measurements. In some designs,the prediction of 620 may be implemented during a second stage of athree-stage processing sequence for the first synchronization wakeupperiod (e.g., rather than the third stage of the three-stage processingsequence as in FIG. 5 ), as will be described below in more detail. Insome designs, the prediction at 620 may be somewhat less reliable thanwaiting until the third stage of the three-stage processing sequence asin FIG. 5 , in which case the prediction at 620 may be performed in aselective manner (e.g., perform prediction only if measurement(s)indicate a stable channel environment, otherwise, do not performprediction and instead default to operation as in FIG. 5 , etc.), aswill be described below in more detail.

Referring to FIG. 6 , at 630, UE 302 (e.g., processor(s) 332, DRXcomponent 342, etc.) performs, during the first synchronization wakeupperiod while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the activestate, one or more FW post-processing operations based on the one ormore measurements.

Referring to FIG. 6 , at 640, UE 302 (e.g., processor(s) 332, DRXcomponent 342, transceiver(s) 310 or 320, etc.) transitions the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry from the active state to a sleep state inresponse to completion of the one or more FW post-processing operations.For example, rather than maintaining the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry in an active state during a third stage of the three-stageprocessing sequence for the first synchronization wakeup period, UE 302may instead turn off or disable the RF circuitry and the FW circuitryafter completion of the second stage of the three-stage processingsequence for the first synchronization wakeup period.

Referring to FIG. 6 , at 650, UE 302 (e.g., processor(s) 332, DRXcomponent 342, etc.) determines, during the first synchronization wakeupperiod while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleepstate, a wakeup time associated with the second SSBS for the secondsynchronization wakeup period. For example, in FIG. 5 , the next SSBSand its associated wakeup time are both determined at 520 or 540.However, in FIG. 6 , the next SSBS is predicted at 620 (e.g., in secondstage of three-stage processing sequence for the first synchronizationwakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in activestate) and the actual wakeup time at which to wakeup for the predictednext SSBS is determined later at 650 (e.g., in third stage ofthree-stage processing sequence for the first synchronization wakeupperiod while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in sleep state,thereby conserving power at UE 302).

Referring to FIG. 6 , in some designs, UE 302 may perform, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, one or more SW post-processingoperations based on the one or more measurements (e.g., in third stageof three-stage processing sequence for the first synchronization wakeupperiod).

Referring to FIG. 6 , in some designs, UE 302 may perform, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state and prior to the one or moremeasurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, one or more SWpre-processing operations, or a combination thereof (e.g., in firststage of three-stage processing sequence for the first synchronizationwakeup period).

Referring to FIG. 6 , in some designs, the second SSBS may correspond toa next available SSBS opportunity from the base station subsequent tothe first SSBS. For example, if the UE is in an unstable channelenvironment, the UE may decide not to skip any SSBS opportunities so asto maintain better synchronization with network (e.g., bettersynchronization, albeit with more power consumption). In other designs,one or more SSBS opportunities from the base station may be availablebetween the first SSBS and the second SSBS. In this case, theseintervening SSBS opportunities may be skipped so as to conserve power atthe UE (e.g., UE can skip some SSBS opportunities to save power if theUE is in a fairly stable channel environment).

Referring to FIG. 6 , in some designs, the one or more measurementscomprise one or more SNR measurements. In some designs, as will bedescribed below in more detail with respect to FIG. 8 , a relationshipbetween the one or more measurements and one or more performancethresholds (e.g., SNR threshold(s)), and the prediction of the secondSSBS is selectively performed based upon the relationship. In somedesigns, the one or more performance thresholds are based on anoperational mode of the UE (e.g., cell excellent mode, cell normal mode,or cell panic mode). In some designs, the prediction of the second SSBSis selectively performed based a mobility parameter associated with theUE (e.g., if UE is moving very fast or above speed threshold, then thechannel environment of the UE may also be changing fast, which makes theprediction at 620 less reliable in which case the prediction at 620 canbe skipped in favor of the more reliable but more power-intensive SSBSprocedure where the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry is kept in activestate during the third stage of the three-stage processing sequence forthe first synchronization wakeup period.

FIG. 7 illustrates a synchronization wakeup period sequence 700 inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure. In particular, thesynchronization wakeup period sequence 700 is based upon an exampleimplementation of the process 600 of FIG. 6 .

Referring to FIG. 7 , a first synchronization wakeup period is depictedat 710. At 712, the UE wakes up RF circuitry and the FW circuitry (e.g.,which may be part of transceiver circuitry, such as 310 or 320 of FIG.3A) and (if necessary) an application processor and performs FWpre-processing and SW pre-processing. The FW and SW pre-processing at712 may be characterized as a first stage of a three-stage processingsequence for the first synchronization wakeup period 710. At 714, the UEperforms measurements of SSBs of a first SSBS from a base station (e.g.,SNR measurements, etc.), or sample streaming. At 716, the UE performs FWpost-processing on the SSB samples or measurements. Unlike FIG. 5 , atsome point during the sample streaming of 714, the UE collectssufficient measurement data (e.g., SNR measurements) to predict the nextSSBS to be monitored to maintain network synchronization. For example,if the measurement data indicates a very stable channel environment, oneor more SSBS opportunities may be skipped, while if the measurement dataindicates a very unstable channel environment, the UE may determine touse more power and wakeup at the very next SSBS opportunity to keep thenetwork synchronization more up-to-date. Hence, at 714B, the UE predictsthe next SSBS. At 716, the UE performs FW post-processing on the SSBsamples or measurements. At 716B, rather than keep the RF circuitry andthe FW circuitry awake or active (and thereby consuming a high amount ofpower), the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry may instead betransitioned to a sleep state. 714-716B may be characterized as a secondstage of the three-stage processing sequence for the firstsynchronization wakeup period 710. At 718, the UE performs SWpost-processing. At 720, the UE determines a wakeup time for thepredicted synchronization wakeup period from 714B. 718-720 may becharacterized as a third stage of the three-stage processing sequencefor the first synchronization wakeup period 710.

Referring to FIG. 7 , a second synchronization wakeup period is depictedat 730. At 732, the UE wakes up RF circuitry and the FW circuitry (e.g.,which may be part of transceiver circuitry, such as 310 or 320 of FIG.3A) and (if necessary) an application processor and performs FWpre-processing and SW pre-processing. For example, the wakeup time at732 may correspond to the determined wakeup time from 720. The FW and SWpre-processing at 732 may be characterized as a first stage of athree-stage processing sequence for the second synchronization wakeupperiod 730. At 734, the UE performs measurements of SSBs of a first SSBSfrom a base station (e.g., SNR measurements, etc.), or sample streaming.At 736, the UE performs FW post-processing on the SSB samples ormeasurements. Unlike FIG. 7 , at some point during the sample streamingof 734, the UE collects sufficient measurement data (e.g., SNRmeasurements) to predict the next SSBS to be monitored to maintainnetwork synchronization. For example, if the measurement data indicatesa very stable channel environment, one or more SSBS opportunities may beskipped, while if the measurement data indicates a very unstable channelenvironment, the UE may determine to use more power and wakeup at thevery next SSBS opportunity to keep the network synchronization moreup-to-date. Hence, at 734B, the UE predicts the next SSBS. At 736, theUE performs FW post-processing on the SSB samples or measurements. At736B, rather than keep the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry awake oractive (and thereby consuming a high amount of power), the RF circuitryand the FW circuitry may instead be transitioned to a sleep state.734-736B may be characterized as a second stage of the three-stageprocessing sequence for the second synchronization wakeup period 730. At738, the UE performs SW post-processing. At 740, the UE determines awakeup time for the predicted synchronization wakeup period from 734B.738-740 may be characterized as a third stage of the three-stageprocessing sequence for the second synchronization wakeup period 730.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example implementation 800 of the process 600 ofFIG. 6 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. As noted above, theprediction at 620 of FIG. 6 may be performed in a selective manner(e.g., based on channel conditions and/or cell mode stability). In somedesigns, the UE may be operating in accordance with one of three modes,denoted as Cell Excellent Mode, Cell Normal Mode, and Cell Panic Mode.Each respective operating mode may be associated with SNR threshold(s)which may be denoted as T1 (e.g., upper threshold, such as 10 dB) and T2(e.g., lower threshold, such as −6 dB), e.g.:

-   -   Cell Excellent Mode: SNR>10 dB,    -   Cell Normal Mode: 10 dB>=SNR>=−6 dB    -   Cell Panic Mode: −6 dB>SNR

In some designs, the respective SNR threshold(s) may further beassociated with offsets, which may be denoted as X1, X2, X3 and X4. Insome designs, the prediction at 620 of FIG. 6 may be implementedselectively only if the measured SNR is more than an offset (X1-X4) awayfrom SNR threshold(s) associated with a current operating mode of theUE. Hence, in some designs, if the UE is in Cell Excellent Mode, thenthe prediction at 620 may be performed only if SNR>T1+X1, if the UE isin Cell Normal Mode, then the prediction at 620 may be performed only ifT1−X2>SNR>T1+X3, and if the UE is in Cell Panic Mode, then theprediction at 620 may be performed only if T1−X4>SNR. In other words, ifthere is a likelihood of a potential mode change, then the prediction at620 may be skipped (e.g., because there may be a higher chance of aprediction miss, which may cause a power penalty at the UE).

In the detailed description above it can be seen that different featuresare grouped together in examples. This manner of disclosure should notbe understood as an intention that the example clauses have morefeatures than are explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, thevarious aspects of the disclosure may include fewer than all features ofan individual example clause disclosed. Therefore, the following clausesshould hereby be deemed to be incorporated in the description, whereineach clause by itself can stand as a separate example. Although eachdependent clause can refer in the clauses to a specific combination withone of the other clauses, the aspect(s) of that dependent clause are notlimited to the specific combination. It will be appreciated that otherexample clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clauseaspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause orindependent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependentand independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein expresslyinclude these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can bereadily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g.,contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulatorand a conductor). Furthermore, it is also intended that aspects of aclause can be included in any other independent clause, even if theclause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.

Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

Clause 1. A method of operating a user equipment (UE), comprising:performing, during a first synchronization wakeup period while radiofrequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are set to anactive state, one or more measurements of one or more synchronizationsignal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signal burst set (SSBS)from a base station; predicting, during the first synchronization wakeupperiod while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the activestate, a second SSBS at which to wake up for a second synchronizationwakeup period based on the one or more measurements; performing, duringthe first synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and theFW circuitry are in the active state, one or more FW post-processingoperations based on the one or more measurements; transitioning the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry from the active state to a sleep state inresponse to completion of the one or more FW post-processing operations;and determining, during the first synchronization wakeup period whilethe RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeuptime associated with the second SSBS for the second synchronizationwakeup period.

Clause 2. The method of clause 1, further comprising: performing, duringthe first synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and theFW circuitry are in the sleep state, one or more software (SW)post-processing operations based on the one or more measurements.

Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1 to 2, further comprising:performing, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state and prior to theone or more measurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, oneor more software (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combinationthereof.

Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the second SSBScorresponds to a next available SSBS opportunity from the base stationsubsequent to the first SSBS.

Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 1 to 4, wherein one or more SSBSopportunities from the base station are available between the first SSBSand the second SSBS.

Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the one or moremeasurements comprise one or more signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)measurements.

Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1 to 6, further comprising:determining a relationship between the one or more measurements and oneor more performance thresholds, wherein the prediction of the secondSSBS is selectively performed based upon the relationship.

Clause 8. The method of clause 7, wherein the one or more performancethresholds are based on an operational mode of the UE.

Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the prediction ofthe second SSBS is selectively performed based a mobility parameterassociated with the UE.

Clause 10. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: perform, during a first synchronization wakeup periodwhile radio frequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are setto an active state, one or more measurements of one or moresynchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signalburst set (SSBS) from a base station; predict, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state, a second SSBS at which to wake up fora second synchronization wakeup period based on the one or moremeasurements; perform, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, oneor more FW post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements; transition the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from theactive state to a sleep state in response to completion of the one ormore FW post-processing operations; and determine, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeup time associated with thesecond SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period.

Clause 11. The UE of clause 10, wherein the at least one processor isfurther configured to: perform, during the first synchronization wakeupperiod while the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleepstate, one or more software (SW) post-processing operations based on theone or more measurements.

Clause 12. The UE of any of clauses 10 to 11, wherein the at least oneprocessor is further configured to: perform, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state and prior to the one or moremeasurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, one or moresoftware (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combination thereof.

Clause 13. The UE of any of clauses 10 to 12, wherein the second SSBScorresponds to a next available SSBS opportunity from the base stationsubsequent to the first SSBS.

Clause 14. The UE of any of clauses 10 to 13, wherein one or more SSBSopportunities from the base station are available between the first SSBSand the second SSBS.

Clause 15. The UE of any of clauses 10 to 14, wherein the one or moremeasurements comprise one or more signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)measurements.

Clause 16. The UE of any of clauses 10 to 15, wherein the at least oneprocessor is further configured to: determine a relationship between theone or more measurements and one or more performance thresholds, whereinthe prediction of the second SSBS is selectively performed based uponthe relationship.

Clause 17. The UE of clause 16, wherein the one or more performancethresholds are based on an operational mode of the UE.

Clause 18. The UE of any of clauses 10 to 17, wherein the prediction ofthe second SSBS is selectively performed based a mobility parameterassociated with the UE.

Clause 19. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for performing,during a first synchronization wakeup period while radio frequency (RF)circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are set to an active state, one ormore measurements of one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) ofa first synchronization signal burst set (SSBS) from a base station;means for predicting, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, asecond SSBS at which to wake up for a second synchronization wakeupperiod based on the one or more measurements; means for performing,during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitryand the FW circuitry are in the active state, one or more FWpost-processing operations based on the one or more measurements; meansfor transitioning the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from the activestate to a sleep state in response to completion of the one or more FWpost-processing operations; and means for determining, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeup time associated with thesecond SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period.

Clause 20. The UE of clause 19, further comprising: means forperforming, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state, one or moresoftware (SW) post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements.

Clause 21. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 20, further comprising: meansfor performing, during the first synchronization wakeup period while theRF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state and prior tothe one or more measurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations,one or more software (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combinationthereof.

Clause 22. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 21, wherein the second SSBScorresponds to a next available SSBS opportunity from the base stationsubsequent to the first SSBS.

Clause 23. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 22, wherein one or more SSBSopportunities from the base station are available between the first SSBSand the second SSBS.

Clause 24. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 23, wherein the one or moremeasurements comprise one or more signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)measurements.

Clause 25. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 24, further comprising: meansfor determining a relationship between the one or more measurements andone or more performance thresholds, wherein the prediction of the secondSSBS is selectively performed based upon the relationship.

Clause 26. The UE of clause 25, wherein the one or more performancethresholds are based on an operational mode of the UE.

Clause 27. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 26, wherein the prediction ofthe second SSBS is selectively performed based a mobility parameterassociated with the UE.

Clause 28. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment(UE), cause the UE to: perform, during a first synchronization wakeupperiod while radio frequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitryare set to an active state, one or more measurements of one or moresynchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signalburst set (SSBS) from a base station; predict, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state, a second SSBS at which to wake up fora second synchronization wakeup period based on the one or moremeasurements; perform, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, oneor more FW post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements; transition the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from theactive state to a sleep state in response to completion of the one ormore FW post-processing operations; and determine, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, a wakeup time associated with thesecond SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period.

Clause 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 28,wherein the one or more instructions further cause the UE to: perform,during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitryand the FW circuitry are in the sleep state, one or more software (SW)post-processing operations based on the one or more measurements.

Clause 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses28 to 29, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the UE to:perform, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state and prior to theone or more measurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, oneor more software (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combinationthereof.

Clause 31. An apparatus comprising a memory, a transceiver, and aprocessor communicatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver, thememory, the transceiver, and the processor configured to perform amethod according to any of clauses 1 to 30.

Clause 32. An apparatus comprising means for performing a methodaccording to any of clauses 1 to 30.

Clause 33. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions, the computer-executable comprising atleast one instruction for causing a computer or processor to perform amethod according to any of clauses 1 to 30.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm stepsdescribed in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may beimplemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinationsof both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware andsoftware, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits,and steps have been described above generally in terms of theirfunctionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware orsoftware depends upon the particular application and design constraintsimposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement thedescribed functionality in varying ways for each particular application,but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the present disclosure.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented orperformed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor(DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or otherprogrammable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discretehardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform thefunctions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be amicroprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be anyconventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Aprocessor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices,for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration.

The methods, sequences and/or algorithms described in connection withthe aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in asoftware module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.A software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flashmemory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, aremovable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known inthe art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such thatthe processor can read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in anASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). In thealternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discretecomponents in a user terminal.

In one or more example aspects, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on ortransmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computerstorage media and communication media including any medium thatfacilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Astorage media may be any available media that can be accessed by acomputer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readablemedia can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical diskstorage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or anyother medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code inthe form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed bya computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readablemedium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website,server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologiessuch as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc,optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray discwhere disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproducedata optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also beincluded within the scope of computer-readable media.

While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of thedisclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modificationscould be made herein without departing from the scope of the disclosureas defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and/or actionsof the method claims in accordance with the aspects of the disclosuredescribed herein need not be performed in any particular order.Furthermore, although elements of the disclosure may be described orclaimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation tothe singular is explicitly stated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of operating a user equipment (UE),comprising: performing, during a first synchronization wakeup periodwhile at least one processor, radio frequency (RF) circuitry andfirmware (FW) circuitry are set to an active state, one or moremeasurements of one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of afirst synchronization signal burst set (SSBS) from a wireless networkcomponent; predicting, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the at least one processor, the RF circuitry and the FW circuitryare in the active state, a second SSBS at which to wake up for a secondsynchronization wakeup period based on the one or more measurements;performing, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the atleast one processor, the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in theactive state, one or more FW post-processing operations based on the oneor more measurements; transitioning the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry from the active state to a sleep state in response tocompletion of the one or more FW post-processing operations; andscheduling, by the at least one processor during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state and the at least one processor is inthe active state, a wakeup time associated with the second SSBS for thesecond synchronization wakeup period.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: performing, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state, oneor more software (SW) post-processing operations based on the one ormore measurements.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:performing, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state and prior to theone or more measurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, oneor more software (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combinationthereof.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second SSBS correspondsto a next available SSBS opportunity from the wireless network componentsubsequent to the first SSBS.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein one ormore SSBS opportunities from the wireless network component areavailable between the first SSBS and the second SSB S.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one or moresignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.
 7. The method of claim 1,further comprising: determining a relationship between the one or moremeasurements and one or more performance thresholds, wherein theprediction of the second SSBS is selectively performed based upon therelationship.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or moreperformance thresholds are based on an operational mode of the UE. 9.The method of claim 1, wherein the prediction of the second SSBS isselectively performed based on a mobility parameter associated with theUE.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transitioning the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry from the active state to the sleep stateduring the first synchronization wakeup period.
 11. A user equipment(UE), comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least oneprocessor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least onetransceiver, the at least one processor configured to: perform, during afirst synchronization wakeup period while the at least one processor,radio frequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are set to anactive state, one or more measurements of one or more synchronizationsignal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signal burst set (SSBS)from a wireless network component; predict, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the at least one processor, the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, a second SSBS atwhich to wake up for a second synchronization wakeup period based on theone or more measurements; perform, during the first synchronizationwakeup period while the at least one processor, the RF circuitry and theFW circuitry are in the active state, one or more FW post-processingoperations based on the one or more measurements; transition the RFcircuitry and the FW circuitry from the active state to a sleep state inresponse to completion of the one or more FW post-processing operations;and schedule, by the at least one processor during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state and the at least one processor is inthe active state, a wakeup time associated with the second SSBS for thesecond synchronization wakeup period.
 12. The UE of claim 11, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to: perform, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, one or more software (SW)post-processing operations based on the one or more measurements. 13.The UE of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: perform, during the first synchronization wakeup periodwhile the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state andprior to the one or more measurements, one or more FW pre-processingoperations, one or more software (SW) pre-processing operations, or acombination thereof.
 14. The UE of claim 11, wherein the second SSBScorresponds to a next available SSBS opportunity from the wirelessnetwork component subsequent to the first SSBS.
 15. The UE of claim 11,wherein one or more SSBS opportunities from the wireless networkcomponent are available between the first SSBS and the second SSBS. 16.The UE of claim 11, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one ormore signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.
 17. The UE of claim 11,wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: determine arelationship between the one or more measurements and one or moreperformance thresholds, wherein the prediction of the second SSBS isselectively performed based upon the relationship.
 18. The UE of claim17, wherein the one or more performance thresholds are based on anoperational mode of the UE.
 19. The UE of claim 11, wherein theprediction of the second SSBS is selectively performed based on amobility parameter associated with the UE.
 20. The UE of claim 11,wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transitionthe RF circuitry and the FW circuitry from the active state to the sleepstate during the first synchronization wakeup period.
 21. A userequipment (UE), comprising: means for performing, during a firstsynchronization wakeup period while at least one processor, radiofrequency (RF) circuitry and firmware (FW) circuitry are set to anactive state, one or more measurements of one or more synchronizationsignal blocks (SSBs) of a first synchronization signal burst set (SSBS)from a wireless network component; means for predicting, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the at least one processor,the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, a secondSSBS at which to wake up for a second synchronization wakeup periodbased on the one or more measurements; means for performing, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the at least one processor,the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the active state, one ormore FW post-processing operations based on the one or moremeasurements; means for transitioning the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry from the active state to a sleep state in response tocompletion of the one or more FW post-processing operations; and meansfor scheduling, during the first synchronization wakeup period while theRF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state and the atleast one processor is in the active state, a wakeup time associatedwith the second SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period. 22.The UE of claim 21, further comprising: means for performing, during thefirst synchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, one or more software (SW)post-processing operations based on the one or more measurements. 23.The UE of claim 21, wherein one or more SSBS opportunities from the basestation are available between the first SSBS and the second SSBS. 24.The UE of claim 21, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one ormore signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.
 25. The UE of claim 21,further comprising: means for determining a relationship between the oneor more measurements and one or more performance thresholds, wherein theprediction of the second SSBS is selectively performed based upon therelationship.
 26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the one or moreperformance thresholds are based on an operational mode of the UE. 27.The UE of claim 21, wherein the prediction of the second SSBS isselectively performed based on a mobility parameter associated with theUE.
 28. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment(UE), cause the UE to: perform, during a first synchronization wakeupperiod while at least one processor, radio frequency (RF) circuitry andfirmware (FW) circuitry are set to an active state, one or moremeasurements of one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of afirst synchronization signal burst set (SSBS) from a wireless networkcomponent; predict, during the first synchronization wakeup period whilethe at least one processor, the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are inthe active state, a second SSBS at which to wake up for a secondsynchronization wakeup period based on the one or more measurements;perform, during the first synchronization wakeup period while the atleast one processor, the RF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in theactive state, one or more FW post-processing operations based on the oneor more measurements; transition the RF circuitry and the FW circuitryfrom the active state to a sleep state in response to completion of theone or more FW post-processing operations; and schedule, by the at leastone processor during the first synchronization wakeup period while theRF circuitry and the FW circuitry are in the sleep state and the atleast one processor is in the active state, a wakeup time associatedwith the second SSBS for the second synchronization wakeup period. 29.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the oneor more instructions further cause the UE to: perform, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the sleep state, one or more software (SW)post-processing operations based on the one or more measurements. 30.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the oneor more instructions further cause the UE to: perform, during the firstsynchronization wakeup period while the RF circuitry and the FWcircuitry are in the active state and prior to the one or moremeasurements, one or more FW pre-processing operations, one or moresoftware (SW) pre-processing operations, or a combination thereof.